The situation surrounding nutritional science is undergoing major changes. These changes are being driven by the imperative to create not only a sustainable society, but also an environment in which everyone can access a healthy, nutritionally balanced diet. In addition, nutritional science must address the increasingly complex nature of individual nutrition situations and the polarization between the segment of the population that takes care to eat a well-balanced diet and the segment that is becoming obese due to a high-calorie diet of low nutritional value. An approach to nutritional science suited to a new age is required.